Evidence-based guidance for parents on speech-language evaluations
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a licensed professional who evaluates and treats communication and swallowing disorders. SLPs work with children and adults on speech sounds, language, fluency, voice, and feeding.
| Age | Consider a Referral If… |
|---|---|
| By 12 months | Not babbling; not using gestures (pointing, waving); not responding to name |
| By 16 months | No single words (mama, dada, uh-oh) |
| By 24 months | Fewer than 50 words; not combining 2 words; less than 50% intelligible |
| By 3 years | Strangers can't understand most of what child says; not using sentences |
| By 4 years | Difficulty being understood; leaving out many sounds; stuttering |
| Any age | Loss of previously acquired language or social skills |
Some children do catch up on their own, but research shows that early intervention produces significantly better outcomes than a "wait and see" approach. An evaluation will tell you whether intervention is needed.
In most states, you can contact an SLP directly without a referral. However, some insurance plans require a physician referral for coverage — check with your insurer.
Bilingual children may mix languages, but milestones should be met across both languages combined. An SLP experienced with bilingual development can evaluate your child appropriately.